Clinicodermoscopic and immunopathological profile of non-infectious non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions: A retrospective study from a tertiary care centre of East India

Introduction: Tattoo-associated complications are on the rise due to the popularity of decorative tattoos in recent years. The exact pathogeneses of various tattoo reaction patterns are still unclear, and their dermoscopic details are sparsely reported. Aim: We aimed to retrospectively study the clinical, dermoscopic and immunopathological details of patients with non-infectious, non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reaction patterns in a tertiary care centre of East India. Method: The clinical, dermoscopic and pathological details of all the patients who had non-infectious, non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions were collected. In all the cases, immunohistochemistry was done for CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD20 and CD56. Results: A total of five patients of skin phototypes IV and V and six tattoo reactions were analysed. Five lesions had reactions at the site of a black tattoo, and one at the site of red tattoo. Clinically, the patients presented with erythematous or blue-grey flat-topped to verrucous papules and plaques. Dermoscopic features were dominated by a central white to pink-white structureless area, a peripheral grey-white to bluish-white structureless area, white scales, comedo-like opening with keratotic plugging, milia-like cysts and shiny white structures. Pathologically, except for one lesion that only showed a lichenoid reaction pattern in the red tattoo, all had a combination of reaction patterns. Immunohistochemistry showed increased epidermal and dermal Langerhans cells, predominantly CD8 positive T cells in the epidermis and dermis, sparse dermal B cells and CD4 positive T cells, reduced T regulatory cells and a complete absence of CD56 positive NK cells. Limitations: Small sample size was the limitation of the study. Conclusion: The clinical morphology and dermoscopy may not differentiate between various types of non-infectious non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions. The immunological profile supports a delayed hypersensitivity reaction due to contact sensitisation to tattoo pigment, and CD8 positive T cells play a central role in executing various pathological reaction patterns, both in the epidermis and dermis

Systemic sarcoidosis presenting as facial palsy, granulomatous tattoo reaction and sarcoidal scar

Cutaneous lesions are observed in approximately 25% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Scar sarcoidosis is a rare but peculiar cutaneous form of sarcoidosis associated with trauma, surgery, tattoos and other types of damage. We present a 32-year-old male patient with a history of unilateral facial nerve palsy, nephrolithiasis and lung involvement. A chest CT revealed multiple bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and PET-CT demonstrated an inflammatory response in multiple organs and regions. Recently, the patient had developed asymptomatic papulo-nodules scattered within the areas of tattoos and previous trauma. Histopathological examination of nodules from those different areas supported the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The lesions almost cleared after systemic therapy with oral prednisone. It is worth remembering that skin lesions in areas of tattoos and trauma may be prominent symptoms of systemic sarcoidosis. Patients with systemic sarcoidosis should avoid tattooing.

Narrativas na carne: as tatuagens dos jovens na socioeducação / Narratives in the flesh: the tattoos of young people in socio-education / Narrativas en la carne: los tatuajes de los jóvenes en la socioeducación

Este artigo objetiva analisar as expressões psíquicas, identitárias e sociais das tatuagens de jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação, compreendendo que seus corpos são territórios de simbologia, memórias, afetos e filiações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa a partir da imersão no campo e dos registros etnográficos. Partindo dos relatos de campo, construímos eixos narrativos das tatuagens que estiveram constantemente nas peles dos jovens, como o nome da mãe, as homenagens aos parentes mortos, o nome próprio e os marcadores religiosos, entendendo-os a partir das ligações com o âmbito social, institucional e territorial. Assim, as tatuagens desses jovens são repletas de significações e dizem de um mundo interno que tenta se apresentar, demarcar lugares e sair da invisibilidade.

This article aims to analyze the psychic, identity and social expressions of the tattoos of young people in compliance with a socio-educational measure of deprived liberty, understanding that their bodies are territories of symbolism, memories, affections and affiliations. This is a clinical-qualitative research based on immersion in the field and ethnographic records. Based on field reports, we built narrative axes of tattoos that were constantly on the skins of young people, such as the name of the mother, homage to dead, proper names, religious symbols, understanding them based on the connections with the social, institutional, and territorial area. Thus, the tattoos of these young people are full of meanings and tell of an internal world that tries to present itself, demarcate places and come out from invisibility.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las expresiones psíquicas, identitarias y sociales de los tatuajes de los jóvenes en cumplimiento de una medida socioeducativa de internación, entendiendo que sus cuerpos son territorios de simbolismo, recuerdos, afectos y afiliaciones. Se trata de una investigación clínico-cualitativa basada en la inmersión en el campo y los registros etnográficos. A partir de informes de campo, construimos ejes narrativos de tatuajes que estaban constantemente en la piel de los jóvenes, como el nombre de la madre, homenaje a familiares fallecidos, nombres propios, símbolos religiosos, entendiéndolos desde las conexiones con el ámbito social, institucional y territorial. Así, los tatuajes de estos jóvenes están llenos de significados y hablan de un mundo interno que intenta presentarse, demarcar lugares y dejar la invisibilidad.

Tatuaje de amalgama: Pigmentación exógena más común de la cavidad oral / Amalgam tattoo: Most common exogenous pigmentation of the oral cavity

Resumen El propósito de este estudio es analizar las características clínicas de la pigmentación de amalgama en la cavidad oral, comúnmente, denominada también tatuaje de amalgama, el objetivo es aumentar el conocimiento de esta entidad patológica y diferenciarla de otras lesiones de mayor importancia clínica.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of amalgam pigmentation in the oral cavity, commonly known as amalgam tattoo, in order to increase the knowledge of this pathological entity and to differentiate it from other important lesions.

Percepciones del tatuaje como expresión cultural en AMBA / Perceptions about Tattoo as a cultural expression in AMBA

Resumen El tatuaje representa un fenómeno presente desde los comienzos de la historia de la humanidad. A lo largo de los años, supo ocupar diferentes roles asociados a distintos significados y utilidades, y se ha convertido en la actualidad en una forma de expresión de los individuos. En este contexto, el objetivo planteado para este estudio fue descubrir las percepciones del tatuaje como elemento cultural. Para alcanzarlo, se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, de diseño transversal simple, mediante un cuestionario online estructurado y autoadministrado. La muestra se realizó mediante el muestreo bola de nieve y se compuso de 745 individuos que vivían, estudiaban o trabajaban en AMBA (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina) y tenían entre 18 y 60 años. Como principal resultado de esta investigación se destaca la existencia de fuertes correlaciones entre las principales variables culturales del tatuaje (moda que vino para quedarse; prejuicios en el entorno laboral; expresión cultural). Adicionalmente, fue posible desarrollar un modelo predictivo para la percepción de que el tatuaje representa una expresión cultural, a través de las otras dos variables culturales mencionadas. Por último, se evidencia la existencia de diferencias significativas que permiten reconocer que los individuos más jóvenes presentan un mayor nivel de acuerdo con la idea de que los tatuajes son una moda que vino para quedarse.

Abstract Tattoo represents a phenomenon present since the beginning of human history. Over the years, it took different roles associated with different meanings and utilities, becoming today a form of expression of individuals. Nowadays, tattoos are understood as fashion ornaments, body art, among others, which integrate a social reality. The individuals who are tattooed do not perceive their body as an organic entity, but as an expressive and aesthetic one: they permanently record a story that tells their experiences, feelings and their significant links. Consequently, the tattoo is not a part of the body of the subject, but a synthesis of it. Tattoos are also understood as elements that represent collective identities. In this context, the objective of this study was to discover the perceptions of tattoos as cultural elements. To achieve this, a descriptive research was carried out, with a simple transversal design, through a structured and self-administered online questionnaire. The sample was collected by snowball sampling and consisted of 745 individuals who live, study or work in AMBA (Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina) and who are between 18 and 60 years old. As the main results of this research, it is relevant to highlight the existence of strong correlations between the main cultural variables of tattoos (Fashion that will last; Prejudices in the workplace; Cultural expression). Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was formulated to predict the perception that tattoos are a cultural expression through the idea that it represents a fashion that came to stay and the perception that there are prejudices in the work environment regarding the use of tattoos. Finally, there is evidence of significant differences that allow to recognize that younger individuals have a higher level of agreement with the idea that tattoos are a fashion that will last. These results contribute to previous studies on the subject. Tattoos currently represent elements associated with fashion and culture, which can be reflected in the correlations found between cultural variables, reinforcing previous studies, who add to this panorama the idea that Tattoos constitute a social reality. Moreover, the predicted model found allows to assess the existence of a subculture around the use of tattoo as a cultural expression. Additionally, the importance of the Prejudice variable in the work environment as one of the predictors of the Cultural Expression variable can be evidenced in previous studies that confirm the existence of these prejudices.

A Study Assessing the Practices and Motivation for Seeking Tattoo Removal

Background@#As the number of patients getting tattooed is increasing, so is the number of patients seeking removal of tattoos. The primary objective of this study was to assess the reasons as to why patients got tattoos and also seek tattoo removal. The secondary objective was to study the demographics and the knowledge they had regarding tattoo removal.@*Methods@#A cross sectional study was done among 250 consecutive patients who attended the Dermatology centre seeking tattoo removal. A questionnaire was used to fill in the details.@*Results@#167 males and 83 females were included in the study. Majority of patients were in the age group of 21 to 30 years (43.8%) followed by 31-40 years (26.7%). 56.6% of patients had got tattoos in the third decade and 35.1% in the second decade. 52.6% of those seeking tattoo removal had got their tattoos from amateur artists, village fairs or roadside tattoo shops. 45.8% did not have a specific reason for getting a tattoo and were decorative tattoos. 34.7% had names of their beloved or family members. 29.5% were seeking removal for professional reasons and 23.1% due to changes in relationship status.@*Conclusion@#Patients seek tattoo removal mainly for professional reasons, changes in personal relationships when they have name tattoo and due to complications. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life. It is important to educate school going children ang youngsters regarding the permanent nature of tattoo and its complications.

Seroprevalencia de la hepatitis C en un grupo de pacientes con tatuajes realizados en los últimos 2 años. Estudio transversal en Risaralda, Colombia / Seroprevalence of hepatitis C in a group of patients tattooed within the last 2 years: A cross-sectional study in Risaralda, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: diversos estudios han buscado factores asociados con el contagio de hepatitis C. La realización de tatuajes ha ganado importancia. Los estudios en los que se ha vinculado el riesgo de hepatitis C con tatuajes no han controlado las condiciones en que se realizó ni medidas de bioseguridad, por lo cual es difícil establecer una relación causal. Objetivo: Evaluar la seroprevalencia de hepatitis C en pacientes adultos con tatuajes realizados en los últimos dos años en el departamento de Risaralda, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 65 individuos, con uno o más tatuajes realizados entre 8 semanas a 2 años, sin otros factores de riesgo para hepatitis C, mediante una prueba rápida de anticuerpos por inmunocromatografía. Resultados: 57 de 86 sujetos cumplieron los criterios de selección. La prueba rápida de anticuerpos contra hepatitis C fue negativa en todos los participantes. La mayoría de los pacientes era de sexo femenino (59,6 %), con edad promedio de 25 años, 30 estudiantes universitarios, 46 provenientes de Pereira y 40 eran de estrato económico 3 o superior. 46 personas solo tuvieron una sesión de tatuaje. La mayoría tenía 2 a 3 tatuajes y 52 fueron realizados en establecimientos autorizados. 50 participantes refirieron que sus tatuadores cumplían las normas de bioseguridad. Conclusión: los tatuajes realizados bajo condiciones de bioseguridad en establecimientos autorizados y pocas sesiones parecen no aumentar el riesgo de infección por hepatitis C en personas sin otros factores de riesgo. Se requieren estudios adicionales para confirmar dicha hipótesis.

Abstract Introduction: In several studies of factors associated with the spread of hepatitis C, tattooing has gained importance. Studies that link tattooing with a risk of hepatitis C have not controlled for conditions under which it was done nor considered biosecurity measures. This makes it difficult to establish a causal relationship. Objective: This study assessed the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in adult patients who were tattooed within the last two years in the department of Risaralda, Colombia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 65 individuals with one or more tattoos that had been done 8 weeks to 2 years prior to the study and who had no other risk factors for hepatitis C. A rapid antibody immunochromatography test was used. Results: Out of 86 subjects, 57 met the selection criteria. The rapid hepatitis C antibody test was negative for all participants. Most were women (59.6%), their average age was 25 years, 30 were university students, 46 came from Pereira, and 40 were from economic stratum 3 or higher. Forty-six had had only one tattoo session. Most had two to three tattoos. Fifty-two had been done in authorized establishments. Fifty participants reported that their tattoo artists met biosafety standards. Conclusion: Tattoos made under biosafety conditions in authorized establishments do not seem to increase the risk of hepatitis C infections in people without other risk factors, especially when there have only been a few sessions. Additional studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Uso de los tatuajes y piercings como factores influyentes en la personalidad / Use of tattoos and piercings as influential factors in personality

INTRODUCCIÓN: para hablar de personalidad se toma en cuenta un conjunto de respuestas específicas y permanentes en diferentes tipos de contextos que resultan del aprendizaje influenciados por la inteligencia emocional frente a la adversidad, cuando no se puede superar los conflictos o perdidas, ciertas personas buscan perennizar esos eventos en su piel, a través de grabaciones. OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia de personas que usan tatuajes, determinar el tipo de personalidad del usuario de tatuajes y piercings, analizar los factores causales y las vivencias relacionadas con su uso, métodos, se utiliza una técnica bibliográfica, de corte transversal, descriptiva, retrospectiva, esta investigación es parte de un proyecto general realizado en Ecuador, este resultado se usará como base bibliográfica. RESULTADOS: las personas que usan tatuajes se ubican en un 75%, de la población total, la según los datos encontrados, existe una tendencia al uso de tatuajes en personas con rasgos de personalidad dependiente, seguidas de conductas limites o borde line, en un 47 % usan tatuajes por modismo. CONCLUSIONES: se determinar el tipo de personalidad de los usuarios porque existen falencias en su comportamiento y en la capacidad de enfrentar los diferentes conflictos emocionales, la mayor incidencia se da en la adolescencia, se determina como causa la moda, pérdidas afectivas no superadas, inseguridad e inestabilidad, baja capacidad de resiliencia; el uso de accesorios para compensar estas falencias en la estructura mental, buscan una manera de reconocimiento personal y social hasta convertirse en necesidad.

INTRODUCTION: to talk about personality, a set of specific and permanent responses is taken into account in different types of contexts that resultfrom learning influenced by emotional intelligence in the face of adversity, when conflicts or losses cannot be overcome, certain people seek to perpetuate those events on your skin, through recordings. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of people whouse tattoos, to determine the type of personality of the user of tattoos and piercings, to analyze the causal factors and the experiences related to their use, methods, a bibliographic technique is used, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, this Research is part of a general project carried out in Ecuador. This result will be used as a bibliographic basis. RESULTS: people who use tattoos are located in 75% of the total population, according to the data found, there is a tendency to use tattoos in people with dependent personality traits, followed by borderline or borderline behaviors, 47% use tattoos by idiom. CONCLUSIONS: the type of personality of the users is determined because there are flaws in their behavior and in the ability to face different emotional conflicts, the highest incidence occurs in adolescence, fashion is determined as cause, emotional losses not exceeded, insecurity and instability, low resilience; The use of accessories to compensate for these shortcomings in the mental structure and their lack of resilience, seek a way of personal and social recognition until it becomes necessary.

Corpos tatuados: desejo de memória em completude / The human in Søren Kierkegaard and Viktor Frankl

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar vivências e significados de tatuagens a partir de narrativas de sujeitos adultos e idosos, com base em uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Questionamos: do culto ao corpo jovem, da exigência do labor do corpo adulto e da hipervigilância do corpo envelhecido, qual a significação do corpo tatuado em idades tão díspares? Realizamos uma descrição das narrativas de adultos e idosos com corpos tatuados a partir de um desenho de pesquisa qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 15 adultos com idades entre 22 e 67 anos em duas capitais brasileiras, Salvador e São Paulo. Entre as ideias conclusivas estão, de um lado, a tatuagem como metamorfose, liberdade e afirmação de si e, de outro, significações que ressaltam atatuagem como desejo de memória em completude, uma forma de fazer do corpo lugar de arquivo ou o próprio corpo como arquivo de memória completa.

This paper aims to present experiences and meanings of tattoos, from narratives of adult and elderly subjects, based on an interdisciplinary approach. We question: the cult of the young body, the demand of the labor of the adult body, and the hyper vigilance of the aged body, what is the meaning of the tattooed body in such disparate ages? We describe the narratives of adults and the elderly with tattooed bodies from a qualitative research design. Fifteen adults aged between 22 and 67 years participated in the research in two Brazilian capitals,Salvador and São Paulo. Among the concluding ideas are, on the one hand, the tattoo as a metamorphosis, freedom and affirmation of self and, on the other hand, meanings that emphasize the tattoo as a desire for memory in completeness, a way of making the body a place of archives, or the body itself as a full memory file.

The Effect of Eyeliner Tattoo on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and the Ocular Surface

PURPOSE: To determine whether eyeliner tattoo affects the meibomian gland (MG) and ocular surface.METHODS: The medical charts of an eyeliner tattoo group (16 eyes of 8 patients) and a control group (16 eyes of 18 patients) were retrospectively reviewed. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire, ocular surface staining score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), upper eyelid abnormality, meibum expressibility and quality, and MG loss and tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) which measured with LipiView® (TearScience, Morrisville, NC, USA) were compared. In the tattoo group, the correlation between the distance from the MG orifice to the tattoo pigment and other indices were analyzed.RESULTS: Compared to controls, the tattoo group had a significantly higher ocular surface disease index (p = 0.002), shorter TBUT (p < 0.001), higher vessel engorgement of the upper lid (p = 0.016), poorer meibum expressibility and quality (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively), higher MG loss (p < 0.001), and thinner LLT (p = 0.024). In the tattoo group, the closer the tattoo was to the MG orifice, the more the upper lid vessel was engorged and the more MG loss occurred (r(s) = −0.560, p = 0.024; r(s) = −0.563, p = 0.023, respectively), and a thinner LLT was observed (r(s) = 0.567, p = 0.022).CONCLUSIONS: Eyeliner tattoos may be related to changes in the lid margin, loss of the MG, and thinning of the LLT.

Significado de la experiencia de tatuarse el cuerpo en adultos jóvenes pertenecientes a familias monoparentales / Meaning of the experience of tattooing the body on young adults belonging to single-parent families

Introducción: El propósito del estudio fue analizar los significados que atribuyen un grupo de adultos jóvenes a la experiencia de plasmar inscripciones en su cuerpo. Método: Se implementó el método cualitativo con diseño narrativo. La técnica para recolectar la información es una entrevista libre. Se seleccionaron cuatro participantes (dos mujeres y dos varones) por medio de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se grabaron en audio y se transcribieron literalmente para su posterior análisis. Se realizó una categorización inductiva. El análisis implementado permitió identificar factores individuales y también establecer similitudes y diferencias entre participantes. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian que: Este grupo de jóvenes realizan las inscripciones corporales tomando como referencia experiencias vitales y familiares significativas. Conclusión: El tatuaje es una expresión narrativa que determina propiedad sobre el cuerpo y la posibilidad de ser comprendido y validado socialmente. La elección de la parte del cuerpo, diseño y extensión; dependen de la importancia que tiene lo que quieren representar.

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the meanings attributed by a group of young adults to the experience of recording inscriptions in their bodies. Method: The qualitative method with narrative design was implemented. The technique to collect the information is a free interview. He selected four participants (two women and two men) through a sample intentional. The interviews were recorded on audio and transcribed literally for later analysis. An inductive categorization was carried out. The analysis implemented allowed identifying individual factors and also establishing similarities and differences among participants. Results: The findings show that: This group of young people perform the corporal inscriptions taking as reference significant life and family experiences. Conclusion: It is concluded that the tattoo is a narrative expression that determines ownership over the body and the possibility of being understood and socially validated. The choice of the body part, design and extension; they depend on the importance of what they want to represent.

Prevalence of tattooing and knowledge about health risk associated with it among adolescent school students in Manipur, North-eastern India: a cross-sectional study

Background: Tattooing has emerged as common activity among adolescents. Therefore, it is important to informed adolescents about possible health hazards associated with it. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of tattooing and knowledge of health risks associated with it among higher secondary students and association between knowledge on risk factors with selected socio-demographic variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2015 among 1325 students studying in class XI and XII in Thoubal district of Manipur in Northeast India. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Based on the obtained score, knowledge was divided into adequate and inadequate. Descriptive statistics like mean (SD) and percentages were used. Chi-square test was used for testing the significance and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Total of 1378 students participated in the study. Almost all the students (99.5%) have heard of tattoo but only 75 of them (5.5%) had ever tattooed. Majority (87%) of the students had inadequate knowledge. Ever tattooed was more among male students compared to female. There was significant association between adequate knowledge and male students, parents who had secondary and above education. Significant association was found among those who had adequate knowledge and risk of transmission of disease through tattooing.Conclusions: Prevalence of ever tattooed was 5.5%. Though majority of the participants had heard of tattoo but most of them had inadequate knowledge about health risk associated with tattooing.

Are Tattoos an Indicator of Severity of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescents?

OBJECTIVE: To compare adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior and tattoos [NSSI (T+)] with another group with non-suicidal self-injury behavior without tattoos [NSSI (T−)]. METHODS: Adolescents (n=438) 42.6% males from the community (M=12.3, SD=1.3), completed the Self-Injury Schedule. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of tattoos performed with the purpose to feel pain was 1.8%. Compared to the NSSI (T−) group, the NSSI (T+) group was significantly more likely to meet the DSM-5 frequency criteria of 5 self-injury events in 1 year, practice more than one method of self-injury, and topography, more suicidal intentionality, more negative thoughts and affective emotions before, during, and after self-injury and more academic and social dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Adolescents from the community who practice tattooing to feel pain, show a distinct phenotype of NSSI. Health professionals and pediatricians should assess tattooing characteristics such as intention (to feel pain), frequency, and presence of non-suicidal self-injury behavior and suicide intentionality.

Feasibility of Charcoal Tattooing of Cytology-Proven Metastatic Axillary Lymph Node at Diagnosis and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can be performed when node-positive disease is converted to node-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Tattooing nodes might improve accuracy but supportive data are limited. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of charcoal tattooing metastatic axillary lymph node (ALN) at presentation followed by SLNB after NCT in breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patientswith cytology-proven node metastases prospectively underwent charcoal tattooing at diagnosis. SLNB using dual tracers and axillary surgery after NCT were then performed. The detection rate of tattooed node and diagnostic performance of SLNB were analyzed. RESULTS: All patients underwent charcoal tattooingwithout significant morbidity. Sentinel and tattooed nodes could be detected during surgery after NCT. Nodal pathologic complete response was achieved in 10 patients. Overall sensitivity, false-negative rate (FNR), negative predictive value, and accuracy of hot/blue SLNB were 80.0%, 20.0%, 83.3%, and 90.0%, respectively. Retrieving more nodes and favorable nodal response were associated with improved performance. The best accuracy was observed when excised tattooed node was calculated together (FNR, 0.0%). Cold/non-blue tattooed nodes of five patients were removed during non-sentinel axillary surgery but clinicopathological parameters did not differ compared to patients with hot/blue tattooed node detected during SLNB, suggesting the importance of the tattooing procedure itself to improve performance. CONCLUSION: Charcoal tattooing of cytology-confirmed metastatic ALN at presentation is technically feasible and does not limit SLNB after NCT. The tattooing procedure without additional preoperative localization is advantageous for improving the diagnostic performance of SLNB in this setting.

Complicaciones y manejo de procedimientos dermatoestéticos: una actualización para el dermatólogo / Complications associated with cutaneous aesthetic procedures: an update for the dermatologist

En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado nuevas técnicas e indicaciones de los procedimientos estéticos mínimamente invasivos, presentando cada vez mejores resultados con un alto nivel de seguridad, sin embargo, estos no se encuentran exentos de complicaciones, las que pueden ser transitorias o permanentes. El conocimiento, abordaje, tratamiento y prevención de las distintas complicaciones son esenciales para los dermatólogos y cirujanos plásticos. Los procedimientos más utilizados son: administración de rellenos, peeling químicos, láser, luz pulsada intensa y ultrasonido de alta frecuencia. La siguiente revisión tiene como objetivo reconocer las principales complicaciones de estos procedimientos y su manejo.

In recent decades, new techniques and indications of minimally invasive aesthetic procedures have been developed, presenting increasingly better results with a high level of safety, however these are not exempt from complications, which may be transient or permanent. The knowledge, approach, treatment and prevention of the different complications are essential for the dermatologist and plastic surgeons. The most used procedures are the administration of fillers, chemical peels, lasers, intense pulsed light and high frequency ultrasound. The following review aims to recognize the main complications of these procedures and their management.

Trabalhar e tatuar-se: estratégia de inventar a vida / To work and to get a tattoo: strategies of devising life / Trabajar y tener un tatuaje: estrategias de inventar la vida

Resumo A experiência de aproximação com o tema de tatuagens e o diálogo conceitual com Deleuze e Guattari (1992) nos levaram à problematização da tatuagem como personagem conceitual nas relações entre os modos de subjetivar e trabalhar. Associamos a discussão dessas relações à noção de trabalho imaterial (Gorz, 2005) e à concepção de vida líquida na sociedade líquido-moderna (Bauman, 2007). A fim de compreender a relação entre o trabalhar e o tatuar-se nessa sociedade, desenvolvemos um estudo cartográfico que contemplou essas noções para pensar os relatos de sujeitos que portam em parte visível do corpo uma tatuagem alusiva a seu trabalho. A análise apontou que a tatuagem compreendida como personagem conceitual constitui tanto a marca no corpo como um tempo que perdura, e diz de uma estratégia de inventar a vida como forma de reflexão, (d)enúncia, expressão, resistência, comunicação, interação, conexão, conjugação e continuação, criando possibilidades de outras interações e escolhas.

Resumen La experiencia de aproximación con el tema de los tatuajes y el diálogo conceptual con Deleuze y Guattarri (1992) nos llevó al cuestionamiento del tatuaje como el personaje conceptual en las relaciones entre los modos de subjetivar y trabajar. Asociamos la discusión de estas relaciones al concepto de trabajo inmaterial (Gorz, 2005) y a la concepción de la vida líquida en la sociedad líquido-moderna (Bauman, 2007). Con el fin de entender la relación entre trabajo y el acto de tatuarse, hemos desarrollado un estudio cartográfico que contempla tales nociones para comprender los relatos de los sujetos que llevan un tatuaje en una parte visible del cuerpo haciendo alusión a sus trabajos. El análisis indicó que el tatuaje entendido como personaje conceptual constituye la marca en el cuerpo y también un tiempo que dura. El tatuaje expresa una estrategia de inventar la vida como una forma de reflexión, (d)enuncia, expresión, resistencia, comunicación, interacción, conexión, combinación y continuación, creando oportunidades para otras interacciones y decisiones.

Abstract The approach with the topic of tattoos and the conceptual dialogue with Deleuze and Guattari (1992) led us to questioning tattoos as a conceptual character in the relations between modes of subjectivation and work. We associate the discussion of these relationships to the immaterial work concept (Gorz, 2005) and liquid life in liquid-modern society (Bauman, 2007). To understand the relationship between working and getting a tattoo in this society, we have developed a cartographic study that included such notions to think about the subject that carry a tattoo alluding to their work. The analysis pointed out that tattoos as a conceptual character is both the mark on the body and a time that endures, as well as a strategy to invent life as a form of reflection, (d)enouncement, expression, strength, communication, interaction, connection, conjugation and continuance, creating opportunities for other interactions and choices.

Alergias a tatuajes y otras reacciones adversas

La realización de tatuajes es una práctica popular y creciente dentro de la población hoy en día, principalmente en los jóvenes. Sus complicaciones constituyen un motivo frecuente de consulta en la práctica médica, éstas se producen principalmente por los pigmentos utilizados, sobre todo los rojos con alto contenido de derivados mercuriales. Existen diferentes complicaciones producidas por los tatuajes, entre las cuales se pueden mencionar las siguientes: traumáticas, infecciosas, granulomatosas, alérgicas, dermatosis asociadas al área del tatuaje, tumorales y otras en las que podríamos incluir los queloides, colagenopatías perforantes reactivas entre otras. Las complicaciones relacionadas con las tintas rojas pueden ser: dermatitis de contacto alérgica y fotodermatitis, reacciones liquenoides, los granulomas de tipo cuerpo extraño con características sarcoidales y los pseudolinfomas. La prueba del parche parece inadecuada para identificar los tintes del tatuaje correspondientes como alergenos. Las reacciones alérgicas contra los tatuajes se desarrollan lentamente y es improbable que sean causadas por un alergeno directamente presente en la tinta del tatuaje. Las opciones de tratamiento médico incluyen corticoides tópicos, oclusivos o intralesionales, también se puede utilizar tacrolimus y factor de protección solar. Las opciones terapéuticas para la eliminación de tatuajes son: salabrasión, dermoabrasión, eliminación química. Otros métodos empleados son la electrocoagulación, la criocirugía, extirpación quirúrgica y los láseres. Cabe destacar la necesidad e importancia de una adecuada regulación nacional para que puedan realizarse medidas de protección sanitaria eficientes y controladas, en todos los aspectos relacionados con ésta práctica, pero principalmente prestando especial atención a las tintas utilizadas.

Tattooing is a popular and growing practice within the population today, especially in the young. Its complications are a frequent reason for consultation in medical practice, these are mainly produced by the pigments used, especially red with a high content of mercury derivatives. There are different complications produced by tattoos, among which we can mention the following: traumatic, infectious, granulomatous, allergic, dermatosis associated with the area of the tattoo, tumoral and others in which we could include keloids, reactive perforating collagenosis among others.Complications related to red inks may include: allergic contact dermatitis and photodermatitis, lichenoid reactions, granulomas of foreign body type with sarcoid characteristics and pseudolymphomas. The patch test seems inadequate to identify the corresponding tattoo dyes as allergens. Allergic reactions to tattoos develop slowly and are unlikely to be caused by an allergen directly present in the tattoo ink. Medical treatment options include topical, occlusive or intralesional steroids; tacrolimus and sun protection factor can also be used. The therapeutic options for the removal of tattoos are: salabrasión, dermabrasion, chemical elimination. Other methods used are electrocoagulation, cryosurgery, surgical removal and lasers. It is important to emphasize the need and importance of an adequate national regulation so that efficient and controlled sanitary protection measures can be carried out in all aspects related to this practice, but mainly paying particular attention to the inks used.

Oclusión arterial retinal y trauma ocular penetrante por procedimientos estéticos faciales / Retinal arterial occlusion and penetrating ocular trauma by facial aesthetic procedures

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y el resultado visual de un grupo de pacientes con complicaciones de procedimientos estéticos faciales que acudieron a consulta a la clínica de oftalmología de Cali. Diseño y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo serie de casos. Resultados: Nueve casos, seis mujeres y tres hombres con edad media de 45 años (R: 25-65 años). Seis pacientes con complicaciones vasculares de rellenos faciales. Una obstrucción de la arteria oftálmica, dos de arteria central de la retina y tres de rama arterial. Tres casos de trauma penetrante con aguja durante anestesia para tatuaje palpebral con agudeza visual de PL, CD y NPL y diagnóstico de endoftalmitis, hemorragia vítrea y atrofia óptica, respectivamente, los dos primeros fueron tratados con cirugía. Todos los procedimientos fueron realizados por cosmetólogas. A excepción de un caso, todos tuvieron agudeza visual peor de 20/400 al final del seguimiento. Tres casos fueron NPL. Conclusiones: La pérdida de la visión severa e irreversible es una complicación rara pero devastadora de procedimientos estéticos faciales. Visiones finales peores de 20/400 ocurrieron en 88 % del total de los casos y 33.3% quedan NPL. Debido a que no existe tratamiento efectivo para el embolismo por sustancias diferentes al ácido hialurónico, la principal medida es la prevención.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and visual outcome of a group of patients with complications of facial aesthetic procedures who came to the Cali ophthalmology clinic. Design and Methods: Observational study descriptive series of cases. Results: Nine cases, six women and three men with mean age of 45 years (range: 25-65 years). Six patients with vascular complications of facial fi llings. One of them presented occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, two have occlusion of central artery of the retina and three have occlusion of arterial branch. Three cases of penetrating trauma with a needle during anesthesia for palpebral tattoo with visual acuity of LP, CF and NLP and diagnosis of endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage and optic atrophy respectively, the first two were treated with surgery. Cosmetologists performed all procedures. With the exception of one case, all of the patients had visual acuity worse than 20/400 at the end of follow-up. Three cases were NLP. Conclusions: Severe and irreversible loss of vision is a rare but devastating complication of facial aesthetic procedures. Final worst visions of 20/400 occur in 88% of the total cases and 33.3% are NLPs. Because there is no effective treatment for embolism by substances other than hyaluronic acid, the main measure is prevention.

Sarcoidal granulomatous reaction due to tattoos: report of two cases

Abstract Numerous infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic complications secondary to tattoo placement have been reported in the literature. Within inflammatory complications sarcoidal granulomatous reactions have been described. We report two cases, a 55-year-old woman with yellowish infiltrated plaques on bilateral ciliary region, 16 years after the placement of a permanent tattoo in the eyebrows, and a 20-year-old tattoo artist who developed orange papules on 3 of his tattoos. Histopathology in both cases confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidal granulomatous reaction due to tattoo pigment.

Tatuagem e simbolização: corpo reflexivo / Tattoo and symbolization: reflexive body

Consideram-se as possibilidades de interpretação da tatuagem como fenômeno cultural na clínica psicanalítica, bem como a aproximação entre corpo e obra de arte, tendo em vista o conjunto das características que os definem. O conceito de corpo reflexivo fundamenta essas considerações, permitindo ver relações entre tatuagem e simbolização, entre as experiências psicanalítica e estética, as diferenças entre as perspectivas aplicada e implicada na psicanálise(AU)

The author considers the possibility of interpreting the tattoo as a cultural phenomenon in the psychoanalytical clinic, as well as the approach between body and work of art, considering the set of characteristics that define them. The concept of reflexive body bases these considerations, allowing perceiving the relationships between tattooing and symbolization, between the psychoanalytic and aesthetic experiences, the differences between the applied and implied perspectives in psychoanalysis(AU)

En este artículo se consideran las posibilidades de interpretación del tatuaje como un fenómeno cultural en la clínica psicoanalítica, así como el acercamiento entre el cuerpo y la obra de arte, a la luz de las características que los definen. El concepto de cuerpo reflexivo subyace a estas consideraciones, lo que le permite ver las relaciones entre el tatuaje y la simbolización, entre la experiencia psicoanalítica y estética, las diferencias entre las perspectivas aplicada y implicada en el psicoanálisis(AU)